Kolik kcal/kJ denně přijmout?
Kolik kalorií bychom měli denně přijmout?
(1 kalorie = 4,187 joulů)
Možná Vás napadne, kolik vlastně potřebujete denně energie. Pokud nechcete přibrat na váze, měl by být Váš maximální denní příjem energie v potravě roven její spotřebě. Jak ale vědět kolik to je? Na to není lehké odpovědět. Každý jedinec má totiž jinou energetickou spotřebu. Jinou bude mít dítě a jinou dospělý, muž , žena, sportovec nebo pacient upoutaný na lůžko.
Základem je tak v prvé řadě rada lékaře, který Vám s ohledem na Vaše osobní údaje umí určit správný energetický příjem nebo rovnou optimální dietní plán. Obecně ale můžeme uvést, že minimální denní příjem energie je 1000 kcal (4186 kJ). Méně energie byste bez lékařského stanoviska konzumovat neměli. Přibližná hodnota energetického příjmu pro starší mládež a ženy se sedavým zaměstnáním je 1470 kcal/den (6150 kJ). Přibližná hodnota energetického příjmu pro děti, dospívající dívky, aktivní ženy a muže se sedavým zaměstnáním je 2150 kcal/den (9000 kJ). Přibližná hodnota energetického příjmu pro dospívající chlapce a aktivní muže je 2440 kcal/den (10200 kJ).
Pro určení optimální energetické spotřeby člověka s průměrnou stavbou těla se také používá výpočet bazálního metabolizmu BMR (z anglického Basal Metabolic Rate). Výše hodnoty BMR je přibližné množství energetického příjmu potřebné pro zachování základních životních funkcí. Ve výši této hodnoty není zohledněn energetický příjem potřebný pro pokrytí denních pohybových aktivit. Tento výpočet je také nepřesný pro lidi s mimořádnou tělesnou stavbou, ať již svalnaté, či obézní. V takovém případě se na něj nespoléhejte a obraťte se na svého diabetologa nebo obezitologa.
Vzorec pro výpočet BMR je následující:
BMR(ženy) = 655,0955 + (9,5634 × váha v kg) + (1,8496 × výška v cm) - (4,6756 × věk v letech)
BMR(muži) = 66,473 + (13,7516 × váha v kg) + (5,0033 × výška v cm) - (6,755 × věk v letech)
Vaše BMR si můžete vypočítat hned zde: http://www.mte.cz/bmr.php?gender=f&activity=2&height=162&weight=57&age=22&count_it=1
Pro výpočet celkové energetické potřeby organizmu je potřeba hodnotu BMR zvýšit o energetický příjem potřebný k pokrytí denních pohybových aktivit. Pro zjednodušení lze hodnotu BMR vynásobit koeficientem dle denní aktivity a pohlaví z následující tabulky:Pohybová aktivita: Muži Ženy
Žádná 1,4 1,4
Lehká (méně než hodinu denně) 1,5 1,5
Mírná (hodinu denně) 1,7 1,6
Střední (1-2 hodiny denně) 1,8 1,7
Těžká (více než hodinu denně) 2,1 1,8
Hodnota BMR vynásobená příslušným koeficientem by měla být Vaše optimální denní spotřeba energie. Takové množství energie byste měli také přijmout. Pokud se chystáte snížit svoji hmotnost, měl by být Váš denní příjem energie o 2000 kJ nižší. Nezapomeňte však také na vyvážený poměr sacharidů, tuků a bílkovin.
Přesnější představu o svém energetickém příjmu si můžete udělat, pokud si budete týden nebo 14 dnů zapisovat vše, co sníte (včetně kalorické hodnoty), a poté záznamy vyhodnotíte.
Pro sestavení a záznam denního jídelníčku můžete použít on-line kalorickou kalkulačku zde: http://www.mte.cz/kalkulacka.htm
Další skvělá stránka pro denní záznamy kalorických hodnot: http://www.kaloricketabulky.cz/
- na této stránce se dozvíte i to, kolik byste měli přijmout denně bílkovin, tuků a sacharidů. Údaje se mění podle toho, zda chcete zhubnout, udržet si váhu nebo nabrat :)
Závěrem je, že byste měli zkonzumovat maximálně tolik jídla, aby sečtená hodnota energií jednotlivých zkonzumovaných potravin pokryla Váš energetický výdej. Toto jídlo by mělo obsahovat 60 % sacharidů, 25 % tuků a 15 % bílkovin.
Zdroj: http://www.mte.cz/stravovani-kolik-jidla.htm
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